An introduction to electric motors stmicroelectronics. It has developed the motor in conjunction with the swiss motor developer smartdrives, the german superconductor specialist evico, and the leibniz institute for solid state and materials research. It involves a torque motor where the windings in the stator are made of hightc superconducting tape and the rotor contains an array of permanent magnets. Establish feasibility of superconducting motor with. The test results showed that the motor has torque of 6 nm and an output of 30 kw, and the prototype vehicle obtains the maximum speed of 80 kmh. Design and market considerations for axial flux superconducting. Mechanical energy what is an electric motor an electric motor is a device converting electrical energy into mechanical energy usually a torque. High power density superconducting rotating machines. Stationary field winding assembly to utilize mri technology. Ts motors are characterized by high power density, more compact, quiet operation and high efficiency, to be an ideal candidate for marine propulsion motor and direct drive generator in the future15.
May 24, 2007 superconducting motor to increase power density. The superconducting motor is the latest in a series of superconducting applications that festo has demonstrated in recent years. A typical navy ship, such as the ddx destroyer, needs two propulsion motors, each rated at 36. Stein fossil power plants generation group prepared by reliance. The field coil produces a magnetic field using an oxide of bismuth, strontium, calcium and copper oxide bscco, a hightemperature superconducting wire. Abstracthigh temperature superconducting hts synchronous motors can offer significant weight and size reductions, as well as improved efficiency, over conventional copperwound machines due to the higher current density and lower resistance of hts materials. Lowcost superconducting wire for future wind turbine generators partners. Superconducting motor uses solidstate cooling drives and.
Now that the wire is available commercially, work has started on demonstrating a mgb 2 wire in superconducting devices. If the navys program to develop a trapped field magnet motor succeeds, the economics are expected to be such that these motors and generators would be less expensive than the present system. Modeling and dynamics of hts motors for aircraft electric. It takes into account not only the state of the art for high and low critical temperature superconductors and the electromagnetic performances but also the mechanical and cryogenic problems and the aimed applications for these superconducting motors. The fully superconducting motor outside diameter at 7. The authors firstly investigate the applicability of this type of machine as a generator in small and mediumsized wind turbines, then the applicability as an inwheel hub motor for electric vehicles. The most important parameter that is of utmost interest in superconducting machine is the generation of a very high magnetic field that is not possible in a conventional machine. Electric motors with high temperature cuprate superconductors in the rotor copper applications in electrical applications.
Superconducting motor uses solidstate cooling drives. Split pdf file separate one page or a whole set for easy conversion into independent pdf files. One of them, studied in the socalled sutor project, is shown in fig. They have enormous potential and can be used in various applications in process industries, pumps blowers etc. Ornl superconducting motor has big possibilities ornl. Schematic comparing a standard hts wire architecture with. The rotating armatures of every generator and motor in this age of electricity are. Superconducting motors and generators for naval applications. Superconducting reactive power regulators further enhance reliability by instantaneously adjusting reactive power for maximum efficiency and stability in a compact and economic package that is easily sited in urban grids.
The us navy is developing many new technologies to support its integrated power system formerly all electric ship program. Superior damping improved reactive power var for both over and underexcited operating conditions. The 2d fe superconducting wire model uses the hformulation to simulate the cross section of the real ar. Maximum synchronous torque t max is proportional to b 3. Such large motors have been built using conventional technology but they are four to five times heavier than the onr funded 36. With an intention of proving the feasibility of using superconductivity in automotive motors and getting superconducting technology known widely in industries and society at large, sumitomo electric prototyped the worlds first superconducting electric motor cars using its comprehensive hightemperature superconductivity technology.
Schematic diagram of the prototype super motor generator which is a synchronous fourpole machine. In this paper, the functioning conditions for a superconducting synchronous electric motor are analyzed together with the electric drive systems, the motors cooling cryogenic system as well as. Research physicist propulsion directorate air force research laboratory development of superconducting and cryogenic power systems and impact for aircraft propulsion energy materials and. For example, the gyros that keep satellites oriented could use frictionless bearings made from superconducting magnets, improving the satellites precision. Pdf hightemperature superconducting synchronous motors. Like a typical motor, a superconducting motor has two main components. The economic viability of htsbased electric motors for industrial applications depends upon the. Oct 15, 2001 superconducting motors based on high temperature superconductors are much more efficient than conventional electric motors and can be made smaller, lighter and more economically. Game changing electric motors could power aircraft 14 march, 2017 an australian company is developing a gamechanging series of highpowerdensity electric motors that could be used to propel aircraft, and for other applications needing small, powerful motors. The research will be carried out by two groups with a track record in linear motors tue and superconducting applications ut and is supported by industrial partners. University of houston project lead, wire improvements superpower wire manufacture nrel national renewable energy laboratory impact evaluation of enhanced superconducting wire on overall system performance tai yang research company coil fabrication and test. The cost to cool superconducting coils is roughly proportional to the inverse of the operating temperature in kelvin1.
The structure of the prototype super motor generator is schematically illustrated in fig. Index termshightemperature superconductor, motors, generators, rotating. Superconductor manufacturing technology for nextgen. For highlydynamic applications, the losses in superconductors play an important role in the performance of such motors. The two rotors and the stator are placed in a single vacuum chamber, and the shaft is.
Development of hightemperature superconducting motor for. Request pdf superconducting motors and generators the story of superconducting machines began in the 1960s. Abstract we have developed a new type of superconducting synchronous rotating machine whose selfinduction is cancelled out, with the intention of achieving a very high powertoweight ratio including the weight of the cooling system. A superconducting linear motor drive for a positive displacement bellows pump for use in the g2 cryogenics system showing 14 of 8 pages in this article. Both motors should be delivered toward the end of 2003. Us5777420a superconducting synchronous motor construction. Since 2001, when magnesium diboride mgb 2 was first reported to have a transition temperature of 39 k, conductor development has progressed to where mgb 2 superconductor wire in kilometer. Stator design and performance of superconducting motors. Research physicist propulsion directorate air force research laboratory development of superconducting and cryogenic power systems and impact for aircraft propulsion energy materials and applications orlando fl, 25 jan 20. The development of highfield superconducting wire, suitable for fabrication into windings for electric machines, presents the opportunity for significant improvements in rotating electric machines.
The uk intellectual property office has released the latest patent application from british em drive inventor roger shawyer. Aug 07, 2014 a series of lectures on superconductivity. A ringshaped bulk superconductor was cooled without a magnetic field and then a rotating field was applied. Pdf superconducting synchronous motor electric drive. High power density superconducting motor for allelectric aircraft propulsion article pdf available in ieee transactions on applied superconductivity 152. Pdf high power density superconducting motor for all.
Nearly a century after its first discovery, its full commercial potential is. Electric motors using high temperature superconducting. Overview of mgb2 superconductor applications tomsic. Electric motors using high temperature superconducting materials applied to power generating station equipment tr101127v2 3149 final report, january 1997 prepared for electric power research institute 3412 hillview avenue palo alto, california 94304 epri project manager j. Motors and generators are already very efficient, so there is not the power savings associated with superconducting. Based on estimation, a 10 mw, 12rpm direct drive generator are one third weight of conventional motor of similar power and torque rating. The most important parameter that is of utmost interest in superconducting machine is the generation of a very high magnetic field that. Courtesy of professor bartek glowaki of the university of cambridge, who filmed, directed and edited the videos. Air force research laboratory integrity service excellence timothy j. Schematic comparing a standard hts wire architecture.
Superconductivity is an unusual phenomenon exhibited by a number of materials when they are cooled to very low temperatures. Stator design and performance of superconducting motors for. Superconducting motors superconducting motors and generators could be made with a weight of about one tenth that of conventional devices for the same output. Superconductivity is a unique and powerful phenomenon of nature. Energy savings pay off primarily for large motors, 1,000 horsepower and greater. Topology and advantages of sc machines o high magnetic field in the air gap 1. Superconducting motors based on high temperature superconductors are much more efficient than conventional electric motors and can be made smaller, lighter and more economically. As with all superconducting motors, the superconducting wire can carry larger amounts of current than copper wire, and therefore create. Ybco bulks have been used directly to implement hysteresis motors and radialaxial flux motors in which only the rotor is superconducting while the stator is composed of conventional coils since htsc materials can produce a very high magnetic field, we can remove the ferromagnetic core and design an induction motor with an air core. A 5 mw motor operating with lts wire at 4 k would require at least 1. Superconductor manufacturing technology for nextgen electric. Rearrange individual pages or entire files in the desired order. Since superconductors have no dc resistance, they typically have greater efficiency.
Electric motors with high temperature cuprate superconductors in the rotor. It seems clear from the above projections that the use of superconducting motors and generators for a 100 m class. The field of interest of the council and its activities and programs shall be to cover the science and technology of superconductors and their applications, including materials and their applications for electronics and power systems, where the superconductor properties are central to the application. Gamechanging electric motors could power aircraft drives. Publishers pdf, also known as version of record link back to dtu orbit citation apa. The results showed that both synchronous and slip mode operations of the bulk superconducting motor are possible. Stator design and performance of superconducting motors for aerospace electric propulsion systems charalampos d. Compact and lighter o virtually no harmonics in the terminal voltage. Pdf hightemperature superconducting hts materials offer the capability to reduce losses in large.
Study on electric motors with bulk superconductors in the. Diskshaped superconducting rotor for an axial flux. This conversion is usually obtained through the generation of a magnetic field by means of a current flowing into one or more coils. Shawyer describes a new emdrive thruster design that has a single flat superconducting plate on one end, with a uniquely shaped, nonconducting plate on the other. This is the appeal of making such devices for specialized applications. Details are sketchy, but the company says that the supramotors technology is characterised by a compact design, a high holding torque and a longlife, coolantfree electrical directcooling system. Also, the electric motors aboard spacecraft could be a mere 14 to 16 the size of non superconducting motors, saving precious volume and weight in the spacecrafts design. The other motor is a dc homopolar type using stationary lts coils. Jan, 2009 a typical navy ship, such as the ddx destroyer, needs two propulsion motors, each rated at 36. Due to a higher current density and extremely small or absent power losses, superconducting motors can achieve higher efficiencies and higher powertoweight ratio compared to conventional motors. We studied electric motors using bulk superconductors in the rotor. Superconductivity is widely regarded as one of the great scientific discoveries of the 20th century. Application of superconductors to motors and generators. Not only do superconducting motors and generators cut losses, weight, and.
The transition between normal behavior and the superconducting state occurs at the critical temperature, which varies with each material. Superconducting motors and generators for ship propulsion and onboard utility service are being evaluated for their applicability in this environment. The use of hts wire in large motors and generators could reduce u. One motor is an ac synchronous type using hts coils in the rotor. Details are sketchy, but the company says that the supramotors technology is characterised by a compact design, a high holding torque and a. Superconductor applications georgia state university.
A superconducting linear motor drive for a positive. At the upcoming hannover fair, festo will be demonstrating a superconducting clawpole motor with solidstate cooling. As with all superconducting motors, the superconducting wire can carry larger amounts of current than copper wire, and therefore create more. As with all superconducting motors, the superconducting wire can carry larger amounts of. Superconducting generators have the potential to provide a compact and light weight drive train at high torques and slow rotational speeds, because high magnetic fields can be produced by coils with very little loss. Electric motors with high temperature cuprate superconductors. Development of superconducting wind turbine generators. A power dense and high efficiency superconducting motor is the key component of this promising architecture and the development of such a machine designed.